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STD HEPATITIS B: WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?


Many people are surprised to learn that most of those who are infected with hepatitis B do not manifest any symptoms. In fact, only about one-third of those who show evidence of past infection with hepatitis B on blood testing recall ever having had the disease. Older people and those in poor health generally have a higher risk of becoming sicker with infection.

Symptoms, if they do occur, usually arise within one to four months after infection, most often within about two months. Symptoms can occur sooner (if a person was exposed to a large amount of virus at infection) or later (if a person received immune globulin soon after being infected). (Immune globulin, described in more detail shortly, is an injection that provides some protection against acquiring the infection after someone has been exposed.)

Before they become sick with the more classic symptoms of hepatitis, about 15-20 percent of those infected develop joint aches and a flat to slightly raised rash that may itch. This occurs as the body is developing an immune response to the infection and is a result of the large quantity of antibody produced. An infected person may next develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin), abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, lightening of the color of the stools to a so-called clay color, and darkening of the urine to a brownish color.

These symptoms, which can be severe, usually last about one to two months. A small percentage of infected people go on to develop what is called fulminant hepatitis, with severe liver damage that can lead to death. About 1 percent of people who develop symptoms of acute hepatitis progress to liver failure, and about 75 percent of them die from this severe illness. Remember, however, that most people do not show any symptoms that they have even been infected.

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